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61.
62.
雨生红球藻规模化培养工艺的构建与应用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
针对雨生红球藻规模化培养中的工艺流程、生物污染、温度控制、溶氧解析和pH值稳定等问题,于2003年到2005年,在山东省潍坊地区,开展了雨生红球藻中试规模的论证研究。建立了可用于雨生红球藻规模化生产的3种不同类型的光生物反应器(柱式、管道、生物幕)和人工调节太阳能的温控车间,并构建了一套二步规模化培养工艺流程。结果表明,研究构建的培养模式降低了培养过程中的潜在风险,并大大提高了雨生红球藻虾青素含量。与传统培养方式相比,年培养天数大约提高了3倍。在每个批次培养中,细胞生长培养效率提高了至少1.75倍,虾青素累积培养所需时间缩短了40%,虾青素含量提高了4倍。总体来看,研究构建的新工艺比传统开放模式的生产效率有很大提高,全年共计提高了35倍。 相似文献
63.
神府—东胜矿区生态环境脆弱性成因分析 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
神府—东胜矿区是晋陕蒙能源基地的核心,矿区的生态环境十分脆弱。本文通过分析认为,特殊的地理位置、新构造抬升活动、全球气候变化、恶劣的气候条件、松散的地面物质是矿区生态环境脆弱的根本原因,再加上煤田开发对环境的影响,各种因素互相影响、互相作用、互相促进,使矿区的生态环境进一步恶化。 相似文献
64.
There is a need in weed science for statistical tests for patchiness and spatial pattern. The objective of this study was to investigate the performance of Mead’s test for detecting patterns in synthetic data and in real weed counts made in maize, and making a first assessment of its applicability in ecological studies on weeds. In an extension to Mead’s test, made here for the first time, we merge original quadrat count data into rectangular cells of m by n quadrats. Care was taken to rule out the effect of starting point on the test result. Using the synthetic data, we demonstrate the ability of the test to detect both patchiness and homogeneity as deviations from randomness. The first deviation results in right‐sided significance, and the second in left‐sided significance of the test. Analysis of the real weed patterns demonstrated patchiness at many scales for five of the six investigated species and lack of any deviation from randomness in the sixth: Taraxacum officinale. The latter was the only wind dispersing species in the dataset. No deviation towards homogeneity was found in any of the real weed species at any scale. All patchy patterns showed anisotropy, being elongated in the direction of field traffic. As it turns out, Mead’s test is well suited to detect departures from randomness in observed weed patterns and enhances the suite of diagnostic tools that can be employed by weed ecologists. 相似文献
65.
Landscape patterns of nitrogen mineralization and nitrification in southern Ohio hardwood forests 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
This study quantified nitrogen mineralization and nitrification potentials in soils of hardwood forests of southern Ohio at three spatial scales: (1) the regional scale, represented by four study areas of 90–120 ha separated by 3–65 km, (2) the local scale, represented by three contiguous watersheds within each study area, and (3) the topographic scale, represented by xeric, intermediate, and mesic sites within each watershed, as defined by a GIS-generated Integrated Moisture Index (IMI). Organic C, NO3 pool size, net N mineralization, proportional nitrification, and net nitrification potentials all varied among study sites (i.e. at the regional scale). Using path analysis, we were able to construct scale-independent causal models explaining 30–35% of the variance in organic C and potential net N mineralization and 70% of the variance in potential net NO3 production. Site- and scale-specific differences in geology and/or land use history among study sites were likely responsible for the variation not explained by the path analysis. At the local scale, there were significant variations in organic C and inorganic N pool sizes among watersheds within a study site in two of the four study sites. In addition, most parameters we measured varied significantly along the topographic gradient (i.e. with long-term soil moisture availability/IMI). Based on our results, scaling up models of nitrification from plot scale to the regional scale should be straightforward, whereas scaling up organic C storage and N mineralization will require incorporation of independent scaling paradigms at three (or more) spatial scales. 相似文献
66.
Early life history connectivity of Antarctic silverfish (Pleuragramma antarctica) in the Ross Sea 下载免费PDF全文
Cassandra M. Brooks Jilda Alicia Caccavo Julian Ashford Robert Dunbar Kimberly Goetz Mario La Mesa Lorenzo Zane 《Fisheries Oceanography》2018,27(3):274-287
A recent population hypothesis for Antarctic silverfish (Pleuragramma antarctica), a critical forage species, argued that interactions between life history and circulation associated with glacial trough systems drive circumpolar distributions over the continental shelf. In the Ross Sea, aggregations of eggs and larvae occur under fast ice in Terra Nova Bay, and the hypothesis predicted that dispersing larvae encounter outflow along the western side of Drygalski Trough. The outflow advects larvae towards the shelf‐break, and mixing with trough inflow facilitates return toward the inner shelf. To examine the hypothesis, we compared samples of P. antarctica collected near Coulman Island in the outflow, along Crary Bank in the inflow, and a third set taken over the rest of the Ross Sea. We ruled out misidentification using an innovative genetic validation. Silverfish larvae comprised 99.5% of the catch, and the highest population densities were found in Drygalski Trough. The results provided no evidence to reject the population hypothesis. Abundance indices, back‐calculated hatching dates, length distributions and growth were congruent with a unified early life history in the western Ross Sea, constrained by cryopelagic early stages in Terra Nova Bay. By contrast, a sample in the Bay of Whales revealed much smaller larvae, suggesting either a geographically separate population in the eastern Ross Sea, or westward connectivity with larvae spawned nearby by fish sourced from troughs upstream in the Amundsen Sea. These results illustrate how hypotheses that integrate population structure with life history can provide precise spatial predictions for subsequent testing. 相似文献
67.
Genetic structuring and diversity patterns along rivers – local invasion history of Ambrosia artemisiifolia (Asteraceae) along the Danube River in Vienna (Austria) shows non‐linear pattern 下载免费PDF全文
Ambrosia artemisiifolia is an annual weed from North America that nowadays is invasive in many countries worldwide. In Austria, numerous populations of A. artemisiifolia are located along the Danube River, especially along the ‘New Danube’ (Vienna). This area is characterised by ruderal and riparian sites, which are regularly flooded. To better understand the spread of A. artemisiifolia and its colonising behaviour along the Danube River, we analysed genetic structure and diversity based on 23 populations linearly arranged along the Viennese Danube riverbed and upstream, utilising the Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) fingerprint method. We generated 284 polymorphic AFLP markers across 446 A. artemisiifolia plants. The genetic diversity within populations was higher (HW = 0.091) than among populations (HB = 0.007). This result indicates A. artemisiifolia introductions from similar mixtures of sources or spread from a single already mixed introduction. Within our local setting, we were unable to identify neither source or sink populations nor an obvious linear genetic structuring. Genetic among‐population differentiation was low to moderate (amova ‐derived FST = 0.124). Lack of geographical structuring is indicative of highly dynamic gene flow, which is further supported by the absence of an isolation‐by‐distance pattern. Multiple introductions and non‐directional gene flow are most likely promoted by anthropogenic disturbance and human‐mediated dispersal. Our results demonstrate the ability and speed of A. artemisiifolia to settle in newly disturbed areas and the difficulties to predict invasion directions, as downstream river dispersal was negligible. 相似文献
68.
广西某铅锌矿影响区农田土壤重金属污染特征及修复策略 总被引:7,自引:4,他引:3
为了解铅锌矿影响区农田土壤重金属分布特征及探究污染农田的修复措施,以广西某铅锌矿影响区为研究对象,分别采集影响区自然土壤和农田耕作层土壤样品41个和277个,同时分别采集62个蔬菜和35个粮食样品,分析重金属含量。结果表明,铅锌矿影响区耕作层土壤As、Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn和Cr含量范围分别为4.50~104.8、0.031~36.26、24.80~2989、16.90~251.6、79.90~11 500和24.0~222.0 mg·kg~(-1);与土壤基线值相比,6种重金属的超标率分别为1.4%、91.7%、60%、60%、60%和0。与《食品中污染物限量》(GB 2762—2017)中限值相比,大米样本As、Pb、Cd含量超标率分别为93%、86%、64%,玉米样本Pb、Cd含量超标率为100%、100%,叶菜类蔬菜As、Pb、Cd含量超标率分别为50%、100%、60%,根茎类蔬菜As、Pb、Cd含量超标率为23%、100%和100%,瓜果类蔬菜As、Pb、Cd含量超标率为14%、96%和100%。通过分析土壤和农产品重金属超标情况,确定As、Pb、Cd为优先控制的重金属,依据研究区土壤重金属污染空间分布特性,划为3个分区:轻度污染区(Cd污染区),建议采取活化剂+植物萃取去除污染物;中度污染区则采用钝化剂与低积累农作物结合的方式;重度污染区则不宜种植进入食物链的农作物,建议采取施加活化剂与种植超富集植物结合的方式降低土壤重金属含量。 相似文献
69.
以人粮关系为基础,基于GIS空间分析功能,采用土地资源承载力和土地资源承载指数模型,定量分析了"十一五"和"十二五"规划期间,关中-天水区县域尺度土地资源承载力的时空差异性。结果表明,2006—2015年期间,关中-天水区土地资源承载指数的平均值为1.377,土地资源超载率为22%,总体上处于人口超载状态;对比分析2个5年时间段,土地资源承载力提高的区县有19个,占研究区县总数的29%,主要分布在区域的西北和东北部,包括天水市、咸阳市、铜川市和渭南市的部分区县;土地资源承载力降低的区县有46个,占研究区县总数的71%,主要分布在区域的中部和南部,包括宝鸡市、西安市、咸阳市和商洛市的部分区县等。研究为区域土地资源开发、人口布局、粮食安全保障以及可持续发展提供了科学依据,也为区域更好地落实"十三五"规划中的耕地保护、粮食安全等政策提供了参考建议。 相似文献
70.